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This chapter examines the current state of the law in the United States on the use of social media data in the employee selection process. We begin by reviewing existing legal protections that could be violated when organizations use social media data, and we discuss recent case law involving social media and selection. We highlight various federal laws that have been used by the courts in social media selection cases, and we examine state laws that ban employers from asking applicants to provide social media user names and passwords as a condition of employment. We then review three examples of laws in other countries that could impact the use of social media data in selection both practically and legally. We conclude by suggesting practical guidelines for employers in their use of social media data in selection

The reduction in the integral action between cast-in-situ slab and precast prestressed concrete girders in composite concrete bridges can be attributed to the increase in truck loads; increase in the allowable stress at service loads; exposure to aggressive environments; and the increase in traffic flow. It is a necessity to restore this integral action by strengthening against horizontal shear. In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed considering 32 push off specimens using ANSYS software package to evaluate the behavior of shear-keys of composite concrete bridges. The studied parameters include: the concrete compressive strength, spacing of the shear stirrups, the carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) sheet spacing, and CFRP plate spacing, fiber angle, and anchorage length. The FEA results show that the reduced crack opening and slip in the strengthened shear-keys compared with the control specimen reflect the efficiency of the CFRP strengthening scheme. Moreover, the FEA results indicate that the CFRP composites anchorage length and angle had a notable impact on the longitudinal shear force and corresponding slip, failure mode, stiffness, and toughness. Finally, an empirical model was proposed for predicting the bond-slip behavior of shear-keys based on reliable experimental results available in literature

The ability to navigate depends on neural systems involved in tracking an animal’s moment-to-moment changes in directional orientation and spatial location when moving from place to another. Previous studies have shown that the anterodorsal thalamus (AD) contains a large population of head direction cells, which fire as a function of an animal’s directional orientation in an environment, thereby providing a neuron-like compass guiding navigation. Recent work has demonstrated that when the AD is damaged animals display poor performance on spatial reference/working memory tasks. However, while studies have confirmed that AD lesions impair the acquisition of new spatial information, few have attempted to dissociate the unique contributions of the AD to the acquisition vs. retrieval of allocentric spatial information. Here, we trained rats in a radial arm maze (RAM) procedure that requires the acquisition of directional trajectories to obtain a reward. Animals were trained to asymptotic levels (mean = 67.9% correct + 3.2% SEM; chance performance = 25%). Twenty-four hours after training, animals were administered muscimol inactivation of the AD before a 4 trial probe test. Specific measures across training and probe testing included: latency to complete the task, amount of errors (working and reference memory), and percent of correct arm choices per trial. We found that when the AD was inactivated, RAM latency and reference memory were significantly higher, and the percent correct was significantly lower than control animals. In addition, a large number of working memory and perseverative errors were observed in AD inactivated animals throughout testing, suggesting a general absence of improved navigation across training trials. In contrast to retrieval and working memory deficits, it was observed that inactivated animals could express a non-spatial “cued” behavior, indicating that the impairments were specific to spatial processing. Taken together, the results above suggest that the AD modulates the retrieval of previously acquired allocentric spatial information in a RAM procedure, but also suggests a critical role in the online guidance of accurate spatial behavior. The results are discussed in relation to the anterodorsal thalamo-cortical circuits involved in spatial information processing

In this study, we examined online deception across four different online venues (i.e., social media, online dating, anonymous chat rooms, and sexual websites) in a sample of 272 U.S. adults (average age = 32.22 years) recruited through Amazonu27s MTurk. Few of the participants (16%–32%) reported that they were or would be always honest across these sites, and even fewer (0–2%) suspected that others were always honest in these different online venues. In terms of types of lie, most (55–90%) believed that others were at least sometimes lying about their age, gender, activities, interests, and appearance across the four online venues. Ninety percent expected others to lie at least sometimes about their appearance (most expected lie type) and 55% expected others to lie at least sometimes about their gender (least expected lie type). However, although they expected people to lie more about their gender on sites with more anonymity and invisibility (like anonymous chat rooms and sexual websites), they expected equal rates of lies about appearance across all four websites, even on sites where users provide pictures and have shared acquaintances. Moreover, perceptions of others’ lying behavior on the venue were more significant predictors of own lying behavior than any of the personal characteristics we measured (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, extraversion, or internet addiction). The importance of mutuality was further reinforced by qualitative comments that showed that, in addition to lying to look more attractive or for privacy or protection concerns, some people lie “because everyone lies on the internet.

Spectrum monitoring is important for efficient spectrum sharing and resource management in cloud-based radio access networks (C-RAN). In this paper we show how data obtained from long-termspectrum monitoring together with machine learning (ML) operating on big data (BD) can be used in a C-RAN scenario for spectrum management purposes. We propose an approach for spectrumoccupancy forecasting which can be used to reduce the delay in making dynamic spectrum allocation decisions and improve the cognitive and management functionalities of cloud-based architectures such as C-RAN. The spectrum occupancy and usage activity in a predefined frequency band is based on the statistical processing of a large amount of collected data and the introduction of a frequency–time resources indicator as a measure of spectrum usage. Furthermore, we apply ML algorithms to predict spectrum usage and compare the predicted with actual measured data. Taking into consideration that the accuracy of the prediction depends on the volume of collected data and the time of prediction on the BD and ML approach, we propose the development of a cloud-based generic processing architecture to solve the “accuracy versus latency” trade-off problem. The proposed architecture is appropriate for deployment in cognitive C-RAN

Human-level AI involves the ability to reason about the beliefs of other agents, even when those other agents have reasoning styles that may be very different than the AI’s. The ability to carry out reasonable inferences in such situations, as well as in situations where an agent must reason about the beliefs of another agent’s beliefs about yet another agent, is under-studied. We show how such reasoning can be carried out in a new variant of the cognitive event calculus we call CECac, by introducing several new powerful features for automated reasoning: First, the implementation of classical logic at the “system-level” and nonclassical logics at the “belief-level”; Second, CECac treats all inferences made by agents as actions. This opens the door for two more additional features: epistemic boxes, which are a sort of frame in which the reasoning of an individual agent can be simulated, and evaluated codelets, which allow our reasoner to carry out operations beyond the limits of many current systems. We explain how these features are achieved and implemented in the MATR reasoning system, and discuss their consequences

Due to low energy demands and infrequent feeding, little is known about potential fitness trade-offs for temperate pitvipers which must balance remaining stationary to acquire and digest food while traversing large areas to procure mating opportunities. We radio-tracked 16 male easterm massasauga rattlesnakes Sistrurus catenatus from May to August 2014 in northern Michigan, half of which were fed a supplement diet of mice. We compared body condition, space and habitat use as well as thermoregulatory behavior between the two treatments. Fed snakes had higher post-reproductive body condition scores than naturally foraging controls by the end of the study. Microhabitat selection and movement patterns of fed snakes did not differ from controls during the breeding period. Controls had higher diurnal body temperatures than fed snakes, but neither group differed in their accuracy or effectiveness of thermoregulation. Our results suggest the behavioral demands of finding mates exerts substantial pressure on males, causing them to largely forgo stationary digestion in exchange for increasing the prospect of reproducing. Given the infrequent reproductive rates of female massasaugas in northern latitudes, intense mate searching by males may be a fixed behavior in these populations, regardless of food intake

The interactions among service providers are represented as a social network to support service-oriented collaborations across multiple manufacturing enterprises. The combination of service-oriented computing and social network facilitates the connection and collaboration within enterprises. It is essential to identify a group of prosperous collaborative partners in a social network in a prompt and efficient way, especially when the number of alternative service providers is large. However, traditional exhaustive searching approaches are inapplicable in identifying a host enterprise and constitutive members due to the prohibitive computations. In this paper, a new and efficient approach has been proposed to identify service providers optimally based on existing social relations. Three innovations inthe proposal are (i) a set of new concepts has been defined to construct a social service provider network; (ii) based on remodeling the social graph, the betweenness centrality algorithm has been enhanced to efficiently find the leader who serves as the host enterprise of a given engineering project; (iii) to improve the efficiency of computation, an innovative algorithm is proposed to identify the collaborative partners by confining the searching space in the set of connector nodes. For the validation purpose, the experimental simulation is conducted and the results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithms outperform several existing algorithms in terms of computation time in dealing with the increasing number of enterprises

Drawing motivation from models of tumor-induced capillary growth, we initiated the study of diffusion models with boundary flux governed by memory around 5 years ago. Considering instances of power laws where supersolution comparison methods are not generally applicable, it turns out to be possible to estimate $L^p$ norms of the solution for any large value of $p$. Although constants in the estimates do not permit passage to the limit for obtaining an $L^infty$ estimate, one may instead apply an integral form of the maximum principle that has frequently been applied in the case of porous medium equations. We provide an adaptation of the method to also apply equally well in so-called fast diffusion cases. Combined with results on blow-up in finite time, this allows a complete analysis of global solvability for such memory flux models which exactly parallels known results for corresponding localized nonlinear flux models

http://opus.ipfw.edu/sasi_images2015/1001/thumbnail.jp

Brittney Kattau was born and raised in Marion, Indiana, but currently resides in Huntington. She has been a hair stylist for six years and spends her summers as a wine steward at TwoEE’s Winery in Roanoke. She is a Social Studies Education major and is currently completing my student teaching at South Side High School. She was the recipient of the Ron Venderly Education Scholarship for 2015-2016, and will be graduating in May Summa Cum Laude. In her free time, she enjoys reading, writing, playing with her dogs, and discussing politics

Following exposure to long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA), some cyanobacteria produce the indole-alkaloid sunscreen scytonemin. The genomic region associated with scytonemin biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme includes 18 co-transcribed genes. A two-component regulatory system (Npun_F1277/Npun_F1278) directly upstream from the biosynthetic genes was identified through comparative genomics and is likely involved in scytonemin regulation. In this study, the response regulator Npun_F1278 was evaluated for its ability to regulate scytonemin biosynthesis using a mutant strain of N. punctiforme deficient in this gene, hereafter strain D1278. Following UVA radiation, the typical stimulus to initiate scytonemin biosynthesis, D1278 was incapable of producing scytonemin. A phenotypic characterization of D1278 suggests that aside from the ability to produce scytonemin, the deletion of the Npun_F1278 gene does not affect the cellular morphology, cellular differentiation capability, or lipid-soluble pigment complement of D1278 compared to the wild type. The mutant, however, had a slower specific growth rate under white light and produced ~2.5-fold more phycocyanin per cell under UVA than the wild type. Since D1278 does not produce scytonemin, this study demonstrates that the response regulator gene Npun_F1278 is essential for scytonemin biosynthesis in N. punctiforme. While most of the evaluated effects of this gene appear to be specific for scytonemin, this regulator may also influence the overall health of the cell and phycobiliprotein synthesis, directly or indirectly. This is the first study to identify a regulatory gene involved in the biosynthesis of the sunscreen scytonemin and posits a link between cell growth, pigment synthesis, and sunscreen production

As part of an evolution-function analysis, two nucleobase cation symporter 1 (NCS1) from the moss Physcomitrella patens (PpNCS1A and PpNCS1B) are examined – the first such analysis of nucleobase transporters from early land plants. The solute specificity profiles for the moss NCS1 were determined through heterologous expression, growth and radiolabeled uptake experiments in NCS1-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both PpNCS1A and 1B, share the same profiles as high affinity transporters of adenine and transport uracil, guanine, 8-azaguanine, 8-azaadenine, cytosine, 5-fluorocytosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Despite sharing the same solute specificity profile, PpNCS1A and PpNCS1B move nucleobase compounds with different efficiencies. The broad nucleobase transport profile of PpNCS1A and 1B differs from the recently-characterized Viridiplantae NCS1 in breadth, revealing a flexibility in solute interactions with NCS1 across plant evolution

This my abstract, and I am also testing HTML.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2014/1075/thumbnail.jp

Dr. Millspaw received the award for the use of LED kits to create an experiential learning opportunity for students in his online course, Light and Color. The award recognizes faculty or staff members who demonstrate excellence in the development or teaching of a distance learning activity (course, workshop, or seminar) and to promote creative and effective approaches to distance learning

Small fossils are preserved as phosphatic (carbonate fluorapatite) micro-steinkerns (∼ 0.5 mm diameter) in Upper Ordovician beds of the Cincinnati area. Mollusks are common, along with bryozoan zooecia, echinoderm ossicles, and other taxa. Similar occurrences of Ordovician micromorphic mollusks have been interpreted as ecologically dwarfed and adapted to oxygen-starved conditions, an interpretation with implications for ocean anoxia. An alternative explanation for small phosphatic steinkerns is taphonomic. Stable carbonate fluorapatite selectively filled small voids, thus preserving small fossils, including larval/young mollusks. Reworking concentrated small phosphatic steinkerns from multiple generations while larger, unfilled calcareous shells were destroyed, resulting in small fossils progressively replacing larger fossils. With thin sections and insoluble residues, we document evidence that many of these steinkerns are incomplete (“teilsteinkerns”) recording small parts of larger, normal-sized animals, or juveniles, along with smaller species. This finding suggests that these fossil assemblages are taphonomically, not ecologically, size-limited. Based on the ecology of modern oxygen minimum zones in which shelled mollusks are rare, the presence of abundant shelled organisms actually argues against severe oxygen stress. Our results also imply that the process by which the “small shelly fossils” of the Cambrian were preserved continued into the Ordovician. For more information see IPFW News Release at: https://www.ipfw.edu/news/detail.html?id=ad423db6-fe2f-40d4-9f45-1c868807c78

In this article we consider the distribution of N points on the unit sphere $S^{d−1}$ in $R^d$ interacting via logarithmic potential. A characterization theorem of the stationary configurations is derived when $N = d + 2$ and two new log-optimal configurations minimizing the logarithmic energy are obtained for six points on $S^3$ and seven points on $S^4$. A conjecture on the log-optimal configurations of $d + 2$ points on $S^{d−1}$ is stated and three auxiliary results supporting the conjecture are presented

http://opus.ipfw.edu/threemt2016/1006/thumbnail.jp

http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1043/thumbnail.jp

Throughout the Victorian period, publishing novels in multiple volumes was a common format for new fiction. Overwhelmingly, fiction appeared in one-, two-, or three-volume editions but nineteen novels were published in the relatively rarer four-volume edition. Publishers used the four-volume format over the century primarily for long historical novels and novels written by well-established authors, including a brief resurgence in the 1870s instigated by George Eliot’s novel Middlemarch (1872). The article examines the use of the format by authors and publishers and gives a list of the four-volume novels published during the Victorian period