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We find configurations of subspaces of a complex vector space such that any real linear map with sufficiently high rank that maps the subspaces into complex subspaces of the same dimension must be complex linear or antilinear

Some of the earliest fossils of multicellular animals are the “small shelly faunas” from Lower Cambrian (~540 million years old) sediments, marking the “Cambrian Explosion”. Small shelly faunas include millimeter sized phosphatic internal molds of shells. While similarly preserved small fossils are found in sediments ranging up to recent times, these later occurrences are often poorly studied or ignored entirely in favor of larger fossils in the same sediments. In Iowa, the Upper Ordovician Elgin Member of the Maquoketa Shale contains phosphorite beds that include a small shelly fauna. This fauna has received attention because the small fossils make up the bulk of the rock, and the phosphorite strata are widely distributed. The small size of the mollusks in this fauna has been interpreted as an instance of widespread ecological dwarfism as an adaptation or response to anoxic conditions. Thus the presence of this fauna has been used as evidence for oceanic anoxic events during the Ordovician. An alternative hypothesis is that phosphogenesis is taphonomically biased, and that smaller fossils are preserved as phosphatic molds in small sized individuals. If phosphatic preservation is sizeselective and if there were evidence of the presence of normal marine fauna in these deposits, the hypothesis that the fauna was ecologically dwarfed may be reconsidered. To test the competing hypotheses of ecological dwarfism vs. smallpass taphonomic bias, rock samples were collected from two phosphorite beds at Graf, Iowa. Polished slabs and thin sections were made from these samples. Remaining sample were dissolved in acetic acid and the residues picked for phosphatized fossils. Acid residues contain normallysized specimens of bryozoan zooecial molds, crinoid columnals, and umbilical molds of snails, all of which are small parts of larger animals. Also certain clams and snails seen in thin section are only partially filled with phosphate. These findings suggest that phosphate preferentially precipitated in small pores and could not fully fill larger ones. Therefore preservational bias favored either small shells, or small parts of larger shells. This finding suggests that the original fauna may not have been dwarfed, but that larger shells were not preserved as phosphatic molds before being destroyed

Aaron Ostermeyer is a History major and has served as a Student Success Coach in the Mastodon Advising Center in Kettler Hall since the school year began. In this position he helps fellow students with varying issues such as test anxiety, social support, and consulting probation students. He also helps students with finding the resources they may need across campus. During spring break he was chosen to be part of the IPFW Career Services Externship Program where he served as an extern with the Allen County Superior Court and shadowed Judge Wendy Davis. Recently, he was chosen to be part of the IPFW Student Life’s Orientation Assistant team over the summer where he will be assisting incoming students and their families in becoming more familiar with our campus

El presente texto ofrece los resultados de una investigación dirigida a revelar los resultados de la gestión social de los gobiernos de Brasil, Colombia y Venezuela luego de la llamada década perdida. Efectivamente, el final de los años noventa anuncia una reevaluación del papel del Estado en el desarrollo. De ahí que resulte de interés indagar en los resultados de la gestión social de tres sistemas políticos bien diferenciados: Brasil como sistema de centro izquierdas, Colombia como sistema de centro derecha y Venezuela como sistema de izquieda radical

This report represents the work of an Emerging Leaders (EL) Team tasked by the Reference and User Services Association (RUSA) Publications Committee to investigate whether RUSA should create resources for 21st-century reference and user services librarians interested in the concept of “library as publisher.” Within this report, readers will find a proposed definition of library publishing, the results of an environmental scan of support provided by library and affiliated professional associations, results of a survey gauging interest in library publishing services, and recommended next steps for RUSA

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This study examined the prevalence and correlates of sexting (i.e., sending sexual messages via mobile phones) within a sample of married/cohabiting couples (180 wives and 175 husbands). Married adults do sext each other, but it is much less common than within young adult relationships, and consists mainly of sexy or intimate talk (29% reported engaging in sexy talk with partners) rather than sexually explicit photos or videos (12% reported sending nude or nearly-nude photos). Sending sexy talk messages was positively related to relationship satisfaction only among those with high levels of avoidance, and sending sexually explicit pictures was related to satisfaction for men, and for women with high levels of attachment anxiety. Additionally, sending sexually explicit pictures was related to greater ambivalence among both men and women. These findings support and extend previous research with young adults

Background/Rationale: Interprofessional education (IPE) is an essential component of teamwork and collaboration as recommended by the Pew Health Professions Commission, the Institute of Healthcare Improvement and the Institute of Medicine. IPE is now mandated by accrediting organizations in healthcare education. The unique Fort Wayne Area Interprofessional Education Consortium (FWAIPEC) was formed in northeast Indiana in 2011 as a response to these recommendations and accreditation standards. FWAIPEC began with five different graduate medical education institutions representing programs for pharmacy, physician assistant, nurse practitioner, medical student and family practice residency. From a modest start serving 60 learners per activity, FWAIPEC has expanded to include occupational therapy and physical therapy from two additional universities and now serves approximately 250 students per activity. The consortium also has evolved to offer a second year curriculum. Keys to success and barriers to implementation will be discussed and examined in the session. Objectives: The threefold purpose of this workshop is to 1) Identify ways to sustain and expand IPE endeavors. 2) Discuss the obstacles to maintain and advance IPE undertakings. 3) Brainstorm ideas to solve challenges and enhance IPE efforts. Teaching Methods: During the workshop, participants will engage in a guided discussion about ways to maintain and progress IPE including examining obstacles to curriculum implementation and IPE efforts. The discussion will also include a directed exploration of the challenges that impact IPE and possible solutions to these obstacles. Participants will be encouraged to share their own opportunities, barriers, and solutions during the worksho

By combining two chemical methods of purification, 4 mg of purified CeLu2N@C80 was readily isolated from 500 mg of carbon soot extract without the use of recycling HPLC, a method which has previously been necessary to obtain pure samples of endohedral fullerenes. In stage 1, CeLu2N@C80 was selectively precipitated by virtue of its low first oxidation potential (+0.01 V) and the judicious choice of MgCl2 as the Lewis acid precipitant. For stage 2, we used a stir and filter approach (SAFA), which employed the electron-rich NH2 groups immobilized on silica gel to selectively bind residual endohedrals and higher cage fullerenes that were contaminants from stage 1. Crystallographic analysis of CeLu2N@C80 in the co-crystal CeLu2N@Ih-C80⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2(toluene) reveals that the Ih-C80 cage is present with a pyramidalized CeLu2N unit inside

Alonzo Price Bowman was turning 90 years old in April of 2014. As a budding family history writer and archival researcher, I knew that the nine decades of American history over which his life spanned were pivotal, even grand, in the social history of our country. Yet, Grandpa Alonzo had never been the type to reminisce over his involvement in major economic, political, or technological movements. Yet, Grandpa agreed to share with me parts of his life previously unknown to the family. The multiple compilations and presentations of the oral narrative histories represented in this collection honor the man I remember as Grandpa Alonzo. The first presentation of interviews and archival research was gathered into a single chronological living sketch to clarify the events of Alonzo’s life. This “living sketch” was a companion piece to a seminar synthesis paper that examined how the collection and recollection of family narratives change the cultural beliefs within family communities. I continued to gather oral history narratives, literacy artifacts and other family history artifacts over the summer of 2014. Poignantly, this collection of stories, photos, histories, and interviews became even more important when Alonzo passed away shortly after my visit in June. This collection served as the impetus for a thirty-one minute documentary-style compilation of Grandpa’s own words, pictures, and relevant historical information that resituates his life history into the broader spectrum of American history. Taken together, the written project, research seminar paper, and multimediated presentations represents the smaller stories that may be displaced in the mass construction of American historical memory. My research with Grandpa Alonzo is more than mere “genealogy,” but entails a mixed-method approach to family history writing that is rich, vibrant, and significant, beyond the presentation of artifacts to the binding of family communities.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1012/thumbnail.jp

Traditional liquid dye lasers provide stable, tunable light which finds many applications in medicine, industry, and scientific research. They are also messy, require particular disposal for the dye, and rely on expensive optics. We aim to design a monolithic, solid-state dye laser, in which the liquid dye is replaced with a dyed plastic and the laser cavity is created by total internal reflection within an acrylic block. This provides a similarly useful light source while eliminating the hassles of liquid dye and decreasing cost associated with optics. We investigate methods for creating dye targets and the fluorescence spectra of those targets when excited by a diode laser. Future work is discussed, including implementation of those dye targets as the gain medium in the monolithic laser cavity.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1050/thumbnail.jp

Changes in soil characteristics along river profiles depend on many variables. Soil characteristics were studied along a small creek within the Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) undertaken as part of a class project. The creek flows over the Fort Wayne moraine. As water moves downstream, it carries soil with it causing variation such as rounding and sorting. The purpose of this research project is to determine the water content of the soil, the overall composition of the soil (gravel, sand, etc.), and how this all changes (if it does change) from the start of a creek on IPFW Student Housing campus onto the main campus where the creek meets the Saint Joe River. Fourteen soil samples were collected over the length of the creek (from student housing to the St Joseph river). The samples were observed, weighed, dried, crushed, and sieved. The data shows the water content along with the grain sizes for each sample. The average water content was 21.87% with minimal variation between the samples. The soils range from coarse-grain to very fine-grain sand, but are generally of the fine-grained sand type. Knowing the cause(s) of the finning of sediments downstream in this river may help us in managing this stream and probably other rivers in NE Indiana.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1036/thumbnail.jp

College students with disabilities need strategies to help them be successful. Studies show that college students with disabilities struggle academically. Starting college can be frustrating for anyone regardless of whether or not they have a disability but for students with disabilities they have an even harder journey. This special project is a handbook with strategies for beginning college students with disabilities for the successful college experience. This handbook is meant for students with any type of disability or disabilities. These students with disabilities should not have to learn through trial and error. This handbook can help guide them as they go through the difficult change college brings. In order to create this handbook, an extensive literature review was conducted and research was done through a survey. The survey was both qualitative and quantitative. The students with disabilities who completed the survey were registered to the disability office at the participating college. The purpose of this survey was to determine what college students with disabilities know about strategies and information that will assist them as they strive to have a successful college experience. The survey covered the following: self-advocacy, self-determination, campus and community resources, and laws related to college students with disabilities. The results of the survey found that a majority of students with disabilities are unaware of their rights under the law and do not speak up when their rights are violated. They also are unaware of community resources and did not know how to advocate for themselves before beginning college. This information was then used to create a handbook titled: Survival Guide for College Students with Disabilities. This handbook gives an overview of the results of the survey. It covers self-advocacy, self-determination, laws related to college students with disabilities, and campus and community resources. The goal is to give them the information they need to assist them as they go through college. Disability- a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity (adata.org)http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1037/thumbnail.jp

People often assume that groundwater qualities are better in rural settings than town/city water supplies. The US EPA recommends that nitrate levels in drinking water should be below 10ppm. Agriculture is the main industry in rural areas of the Midwest in the USA and this tends to have some impact on their water qualities. We examined water quality within a small Midwestern community in NE Indiana using nitrates levels along with some other parameters. Water samples were collected from two wells at different depths, river, drainage ditch, wetland, and a farm pond. Other parameters tested for included well depth, temperature, pH, Nitrites, chlorine, lead, iron, pesticides, and bacteria. The tested nitrate levels ranged between 11.2-62.8 ppm, phosphates were from 0.09-1.25 ppm, and sulfates 1-58 ppm. All water samples tested had nitrate levels higher than 10 ppm and other parameters were above the limit set by the US EPA. The concluded results of the study indicate that the water quality within this community is unsuitable for consumption based specifically on the nitrate and phosphate levels. Area residents have reported spontaneous abortions, miscarriages, and other health effects. Studies have shown that the high nitrate levels may be the cause of the community health concerns. Additional data will be collected throughout the summer and the results will be presented.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1042/thumbnail.jp

This work explores data mining techniques for diagnosis of learning disabilities and conducts data analysis to understand most people with learning disability. Through the childhood of people with disability, they had a learning disability so that more times they study, they would do well in future. They will have gain confidence. This work conducts a survey for the disabled students out of most college students, explores relevant data mining techniques, and analyzes the survey data for the effects of learning disability, for example, as how much sleep it affects, how much time spent on studies with statistics and how it will improve in the future. This work would help people with learning disability understand the importance of data modeling, data mining, and designing experience.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1039/thumbnail.jp

A vacuum thermoforming machine works by heating a clamped polymer sheet and then engaging the tooling to form the desired shape when the plastic is at the proper temperature. The current vacuum thermoforming machine in the Trine University Plastics Lab possesses a single top‐side heater. With the current setup, thicker materials will be scorched on the material’s top side and while the bottom side is not heated enough. In order for thicker materials to be used by the machine and heated effectively, a second bottom‐side heater is needed. Since an off the shelf solution is not feasible, the second heater must be designed and fabricated. Before fabrication of the secondary thermoforming heater, several analyses were conducted to ensure that the heater would function within the necessary operating parameters. Using thermal simulation software, the designed heater enclosure box was tested to ensure that the correct thermal flow was provided as needed. Material properties were then applied to the CAD files and finite element analysis software was used to ensure that the new heating enclosure and track system would be structurally sound. Although variations of the heating enclosure setup were taken into account as part of these analyses, the results favored mirroring the existing heater layout with some adjustments. Instead of sixteen individual horizontal coils like in the top heater, three coils with three bends each were used. Testing showed that the same watt density could be achieved with only three coils using this design. The new heater was also made thinner in order to allow for more space for the mold. The heater tray was insulated in order to protect the mold which rests underneath and also for safety purposes. By providing Trine University with a second heater, the group hopes to expand the capabilities and learning possibilities that the plastics lab provide