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By combining two chemical methods of purification, 4 mg of purified CeLu2N@C80 was readily isolated from 500 mg of carbon soot extract without the use of recycling HPLC, a method which has previously been necessary to obtain pure samples of endohedral fullerenes. In stage 1, CeLu2N@C80 was selectively precipitated by virtue of its low first oxidation potential (+0.01 V) and the judicious choice of MgCl2 as the Lewis acid precipitant. For stage 2, we used a stir and filter approach (SAFA), which employed the electron-rich NH2 groups immobilized on silica gel to selectively bind residual endohedrals and higher cage fullerenes that were contaminants from stage 1. Crystallographic analysis of CeLu2N@C80 in the co-crystal CeLu2N@Ih-C80⋅Ni(octaethylporphyrin)⋅2(toluene) reveals that the Ih-C80 cage is present with a pyramidalized CeLu2N unit inside

Alonzo Price Bowman was turning 90 years old in April of 2014. As a budding family history writer and archival researcher, I knew that the nine decades of American history over which his life spanned were pivotal, even grand, in the social history of our country. Yet, Grandpa Alonzo had never been the type to reminisce over his involvement in major economic, political, or technological movements. Yet, Grandpa agreed to share with me parts of his life previously unknown to the family. The multiple compilations and presentations of the oral narrative histories represented in this collection honor the man I remember as Grandpa Alonzo. The first presentation of interviews and archival research was gathered into a single chronological living sketch to clarify the events of Alonzo’s life. This “living sketch” was a companion piece to a seminar synthesis paper that examined how the collection and recollection of family narratives change the cultural beliefs within family communities. I continued to gather oral history narratives, literacy artifacts and other family history artifacts over the summer of 2014. Poignantly, this collection of stories, photos, histories, and interviews became even more important when Alonzo passed away shortly after my visit in June. This collection served as the impetus for a thirty-one minute documentary-style compilation of Grandpa’s own words, pictures, and relevant historical information that resituates his life history into the broader spectrum of American history. Taken together, the written project, research seminar paper, and multimediated presentations represents the smaller stories that may be displaced in the mass construction of American historical memory. My research with Grandpa Alonzo is more than mere “genealogy,” but entails a mixed-method approach to family history writing that is rich, vibrant, and significant, beyond the presentation of artifacts to the binding of family communities.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1012/thumbnail.jp

Traditional liquid dye lasers provide stable, tunable light which finds many applications in medicine, industry, and scientific research. They are also messy, require particular disposal for the dye, and rely on expensive optics. We aim to design a monolithic, solid-state dye laser, in which the liquid dye is replaced with a dyed plastic and the laser cavity is created by total internal reflection within an acrylic block. This provides a similarly useful light source while eliminating the hassles of liquid dye and decreasing cost associated with optics. We investigate methods for creating dye targets and the fluorescence spectra of those targets when excited by a diode laser. Future work is discussed, including implementation of those dye targets as the gain medium in the monolithic laser cavity.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1050/thumbnail.jp

Changes in soil characteristics along river profiles depend on many variables. Soil characteristics were studied along a small creek within the Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) undertaken as part of a class project. The creek flows over the Fort Wayne moraine. As water moves downstream, it carries soil with it causing variation such as rounding and sorting. The purpose of this research project is to determine the water content of the soil, the overall composition of the soil (gravel, sand, etc.), and how this all changes (if it does change) from the start of a creek on IPFW Student Housing campus onto the main campus where the creek meets the Saint Joe River. Fourteen soil samples were collected over the length of the creek (from student housing to the St Joseph river). The samples were observed, weighed, dried, crushed, and sieved. The data shows the water content along with the grain sizes for each sample. The average water content was 21.87% with minimal variation between the samples. The soils range from coarse-grain to very fine-grain sand, but are generally of the fine-grained sand type. Knowing the cause(s) of the finning of sediments downstream in this river may help us in managing this stream and probably other rivers in NE Indiana.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1036/thumbnail.jp

College students with disabilities need strategies to help them be successful. Studies show that college students with disabilities struggle academically. Starting college can be frustrating for anyone regardless of whether or not they have a disability but for students with disabilities they have an even harder journey. This special project is a handbook with strategies for beginning college students with disabilities for the successful college experience. This handbook is meant for students with any type of disability or disabilities. These students with disabilities should not have to learn through trial and error. This handbook can help guide them as they go through the difficult change college brings. In order to create this handbook, an extensive literature review was conducted and research was done through a survey. The survey was both qualitative and quantitative. The students with disabilities who completed the survey were registered to the disability office at the participating college. The purpose of this survey was to determine what college students with disabilities know about strategies and information that will assist them as they strive to have a successful college experience. The survey covered the following: self-advocacy, self-determination, campus and community resources, and laws related to college students with disabilities. The results of the survey found that a majority of students with disabilities are unaware of their rights under the law and do not speak up when their rights are violated. They also are unaware of community resources and did not know how to advocate for themselves before beginning college. This information was then used to create a handbook titled: Survival Guide for College Students with Disabilities. This handbook gives an overview of the results of the survey. It covers self-advocacy, self-determination, laws related to college students with disabilities, and campus and community resources. The goal is to give them the information they need to assist them as they go through college. Disability- a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activity (adata.org)http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1037/thumbnail.jp

People often assume that groundwater qualities are better in rural settings than town/city water supplies. The US EPA recommends that nitrate levels in drinking water should be below 10ppm. Agriculture is the main industry in rural areas of the Midwest in the USA and this tends to have some impact on their water qualities. We examined water quality within a small Midwestern community in NE Indiana using nitrates levels along with some other parameters. Water samples were collected from two wells at different depths, river, drainage ditch, wetland, and a farm pond. Other parameters tested for included well depth, temperature, pH, Nitrites, chlorine, lead, iron, pesticides, and bacteria. The tested nitrate levels ranged between 11.2-62.8 ppm, phosphates were from 0.09-1.25 ppm, and sulfates 1-58 ppm. All water samples tested had nitrate levels higher than 10 ppm and other parameters were above the limit set by the US EPA. The concluded results of the study indicate that the water quality within this community is unsuitable for consumption based specifically on the nitrate and phosphate levels. Area residents have reported spontaneous abortions, miscarriages, and other health effects. Studies have shown that the high nitrate levels may be the cause of the community health concerns. Additional data will be collected throughout the summer and the results will be presented.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1042/thumbnail.jp

This work explores data mining techniques for diagnosis of learning disabilities and conducts data analysis to understand most people with learning disability. Through the childhood of people with disability, they had a learning disability so that more times they study, they would do well in future. They will have gain confidence. This work conducts a survey for the disabled students out of most college students, explores relevant data mining techniques, and analyzes the survey data for the effects of learning disability, for example, as how much sleep it affects, how much time spent on studies with statistics and how it will improve in the future. This work would help people with learning disability understand the importance of data modeling, data mining, and designing experience.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1039/thumbnail.jp

A vacuum thermoforming machine works by heating a clamped polymer sheet and then engaging the tooling to form the desired shape when the plastic is at the proper temperature. The current vacuum thermoforming machine in the Trine University Plastics Lab possesses a single top‐side heater. With the current setup, thicker materials will be scorched on the material’s top side and while the bottom side is not heated enough. In order for thicker materials to be used by the machine and heated effectively, a second bottom‐side heater is needed. Since an off the shelf solution is not feasible, the second heater must be designed and fabricated. Before fabrication of the secondary thermoforming heater, several analyses were conducted to ensure that the heater would function within the necessary operating parameters. Using thermal simulation software, the designed heater enclosure box was tested to ensure that the correct thermal flow was provided as needed. Material properties were then applied to the CAD files and finite element analysis software was used to ensure that the new heating enclosure and track system would be structurally sound. Although variations of the heating enclosure setup were taken into account as part of these analyses, the results favored mirroring the existing heater layout with some adjustments. Instead of sixteen individual horizontal coils like in the top heater, three coils with three bends each were used. Testing showed that the same watt density could be achieved with only three coils using this design. The new heater was also made thinner in order to allow for more space for the mold. The heater tray was insulated in order to protect the mold which rests underneath and also for safety purposes. By providing Trine University with a second heater, the group hopes to expand the capabilities and learning possibilities that the plastics lab provide

In an effort to introduce engineering students to contemporary issues and life‐long learning, a new technical elective, Sustainable Energy Sources and Systems, has been developed. The overall objectives of the course are to introduce students to energy sources and systems with an emphasis on sustainability and to expose students to economic, environmental, social and political issues related to energy. In this course, students apply material from thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer to analyze and/or design energy systems that utilize non‐renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels and nuclear fission, as well as renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, biofuels, geothermal, and oceans. This paper presents an overview of the course and some of the novel pedagogical elements

The engineering department at Indiana University‐Purdue University Fort Wayne began offering a newly designed first‐year curriculum in the fall 2014 semester with the intent to expose students to important mathematical techniques through engineering applications and to develop the students’ problem solving abilities. The two new first‐year courses are divided into three components: lecture, project studio, and computer lab, which are designed to complement one another. Throughout the courses, students are exposed to and required to use multiple solution procedures to solve problems. Moreover, students are required to document and communicate solutions in multiple representations to demonstrate a deeper understanding. The purpose of this paper is to explain how CAD (computer‐aided drawing) is used by students to first solve and then document trigonometry and vector problems

During the last decade, eye tracking technology has undergone rapid development and growth that has increased its popularity amongst practitioners and researchers from a wide variety of disciplines. In spite of widespread applications of eye tracking in the computing and human factor domains, considerably less attention has been paid to the potential of this technology to improve the design and construction processes. Currently, the ability of using eye trackers in construction applications is limited due to the lack of knowledge about this technology and its potential benefits. This paper provides an overview and guidance for the implementation of eye tracking technology in the construction process. The description of the technology and its current applications are also provided, with a brief discussion of potential application and the limitations. A description of a use case example is provided to investigate the use of eye tracking technology to measure and analyze the end-user satisfaction in the design process. This study provides the construction industry with information about how to design an eye tracking experiment and analyze the data generated by the eye tracking tools

Germanfest Concert Early music played on period instruments in celebration of Fort Wayneu27s Germanic heritage

Faculty are increasingly encouraged to incorporate group interaction and social media into classroom pedagogies to enhance learning and facilitate student engagement. With that goal in mind, I designed a game entitled Find the Sociology! and kept a journal during the process of its implementation in three 100-level sociology courses during Fall Semester 2014. The game requires students to use sociology concepts as if they were u27tools in a toolkitu27 that they draw upon to analyze a video. For this reason, the game is only used during the second half of the semester (on Fridays). In this session, I describe the game and reflect upon the pedagogical challenges and opportunities associated with relinquishing control of classroom time to students to foster student engagement. The structure of the game ensured the involvement of all students. Some students resisted complete involvement while others began bringing their textbook to class on Fridays to assist them with the classroom activity. I describe how, through reflection over time, the rules of the game evolved to balance the goals of increased student engagement with accurate clarification of sociological content

Design of low loss with an enhanced thermal profile power divider/combiner for high power dual-band Radio Frequency (RF) power amplifier applications is given. The practical implementation, low loss and substrate characteristics make this type of combiner ideal for high powermicrowave applications. The combiner operational frequencies are chosen to operate at 900 MHz and 2.14 GHz, which are common frequencies for concurrent dual band RF power amplifiers. The analytical results are verified with simulation results for various cases and agreement has been observed on all of them

We explored the use of Bayesian statistics to assess occupancy and habitat preferences of the Copper-bellied Watersnake (Nerodia erythrogaster neglecta), a species that is federally listed as threatened, and is endangered in Indiana, Michigan, and Ohio. Occupancy and habitat data were collected in the area occupied by the federally threatened populations of this species over the summers of 2013 and 2014, with additional occupancy data from the area from 2011 and 2012. The study site was comprised of twelve wetland complexes with historical or recent copperbelly sightings. The goal of this study was to define the link between species occupancy and habitat characteristics. Previous telemetry studies have shown that over a single season, copperbellies often move between several wetlands or wetland complexes and sometimes travel long distances. This level of vagility violates one of the main assumptions of occupancy modeling using Program PRESENCE, that sites remain closed to changes in occupancy status during a surveying season. One of the main benefits of Bayesian analysis is that is allows for dynamic occupancy status during seasons. Other benefits of Bayesian analysis will be briefly discussed, including use of prior data and benefits over frequentist statistical analyses including null and alternative hypothesis testing

Segmental construction of prefabricated full-depth concrete bridge deck systems results in numerous transverse and longitudinal joints as well as shear connector pockets that receive cast-in-place concrete or grout. In such systems, it is necessary to overlay the bridge deck to provide smooth riding surface and to protect the underlying deck reinforcement from the deicing salts-induced corrosion and consequent spalling and delamination of the concrete. This paper reports on results and findings obtained from a non-linear finite element analysis (NLFEA) of a prototype prefabricated full-depth precast concrete bridge deck panel system before and after being overlaid with various plain and fibrous latex-modified concrete (LMC) and microsilica concrete (MSC) overlays. The NLFEA were validated with experimental results obtained from full-scale testing of the prototype bridge system. The benefits of the NLFEA can be highly appreciated when visualizing the substantial time and cost savings, the ability to change any parameter of interest, and the capability of demonstrating any interesting response at any load value and at any location in the system. The most attractive results were: (1) adequately bonded LMC or MSC overlay significantly improves the stiffness, cracking load, and ultimate strength capacity of the system, (2) AASHTO HS20 truck induced bond stresses were below the bond strength of bonded LMC and MSC overlays, (3) the fibrous overlay has desirable crack arresting characteristic

The article discusses the Seven Last Words of Christ that was recorded in the account of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. Among the Seven Last Words of Jesus include the first word Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they do which can be located in Luke 23:34, the second word Surely I say to you, today you will be with me in Paradise in Luke 23:43, and the third word Woman, behold your son! Behold your mother in John 19:26

http://opus.ipfw.edu/sasi2015/1007/thumbnail.jp