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Literature concerning dinosaur footprints or trackways exhibiting abnormal gait or morphology reflecting pathology (ichnopathology) is rare. We report on a number of Jurassic and Cretaceous occurrences of theropod footprints from western North America with unusual morphologies interpreted herein as examples of inferred pathologies, or ichnopathologies. The majority of ichnopathologies are primarily manifested in the digit impressions and include examples of swelling, extreme curvature, dislocation or fracture, and amputation. A number of occurrences are single tracks on ex situ blocks with substantial deformation (inferred dislocation or fracture), or absence of a single digit impression. Two occurrences are from in situ natural mould trackways, one of which is a lengthy trackway of a presumed allosauroid with no noticeable deformation of the digits or feet but with strong inward rotation of the left footprint toward the midline and a pronounced, waddling limp. The other is a tyrannosaurid trackway consisting of three footprints (one right, two left) with the two left prints exhibiting repetitive ichnopathology of a partially missing Digit II impression

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is an inherited autosomal recessive disorder. One of the most difficult aspect of the diagnosis are its etiology, that is, the recognition that each parent contributed the gene responsible for the defect. It is an attempt to find out what can be done to improve the child’s standard of living and increase the life expectancy. Research articles will be used to investigate the topic. The findings will give the community a better understanding of how Cystic Fibrosis affects the pediatric children and their life on a daily basis. The poster project will have go into some detail about Cystic Fibrosis such as what is it, CF sleep pattern, nutrition, and life expectancy / fertility issues. The poster will talk about growth and pulmonary function in the pediatric patient. Cystic Fibrosis affects the lungs and makes it harder for the infant, child, adolescent and the adult hard to breath. The thick mucus blocks the airways which makes breathing difficult. Sleeping for the preschool and school age child is impeding due to breathing treatments prior to going to bed. The CF children wake up earlier because they need to have treatments before going to school. Nutrition in the pediatrics patient consists of a high protein, high calorie diet with an unrestricted fat diet. It is important that the CF patient has vitamin A, D, E, u26 K in the diet which are fat-soluble vitamins to help with the digestion process. Not only do the CF patients need vitamins but they need pancreatic enzymes in their food to help absorb fatty food. The enzymes are added to the pediatric patients food in the breast milk, formula, or in fruits for a toddler.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1003/thumbnail.jp

Both the United States and the USSR realized the importance of public morale to the Cold War. ‘Winning’ the Cold War hinged on the glorification of all things Soviet or, on the other hand, all things American. The Soviet Union was particularly adept at using a sophisticated system of propaganda to garner popular support and manipulate public perception of both the USSR and the “capitalist” west. This system of propaganda was important to survival of the Soviet Union, and Stalin became proficient in its use. Biology in the Soviet Union had diverged from Western biology just a few decades before the Cold War. Beginning in the 1920s, a plant breeder named Trofim Lysenko began to formulate his own ideas about the nature of heredity. His theories, based on Communist ideology and a then-debunked theory of heredity developed by Jean- Baptiste Lamarck, openly attacked Western genetics. By 1948, conformity with Lysenko’s ideologically useful, though questionable, ideas was enforced by Stalin’s regime. Geneticists who disagreed were persecuted—those who failed to support Lysenko would be imprisoned or sent to a labor camp. This threat created unity among most Soviet scientists, and the subsequent presentation of scientific advance was popularly celebrated as a scientific triumph and indication of the superiority of Soviet science over “capitalist”/Western science. Both the Soviets and the Americans were manipulated by fear of foreign influence—this fear helped to bring about the rise of Lysenko and spurred the American scientific community to form a united front against Lysenko’s ideas. American biologists, driven by the Cold War compulsion to glorify American biology, unified under the idea of “Mendelian” genetics, and praised Gregor Mendel vociferously. The American scientific community had defined its theory of heredity according to how the Soviets viewed it, as “Mendelian-Morganism.” The impact of this exchange, which was shaped by the goals of the Cold War, can still be felt today in how the development of the science of genetics is presented to American students, particularly the emphasis on Mendel.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1026/thumbnail.jp

This project is an introduction to single photon avalanche diodes (SPAD) as a preliminary step to starting work in Quantum Optics. A SPAD is also becoming used in space missions as photon detector, medical imaging, optical fiber communications etc., replacing the vacuum photomultiplier tube. SPAD is a p-n junction diode used in reverse biased condition. These diodes when operated at a voltage higher than their breakdown threshold voltage act as photo detectors. A single photon causes an avalanche of electrons producing a large current pulse for a single photon. In this investigation, an LED (light emitting diode) is used. An LED when used in forward biased condition produces light due to current passing through it. When reverse biased it will act as a photon detector. My goal is to clearly understand how a SPAD (single photon avalanche diode) works. For this, I’m using an LED as a SPAD, a counter (gives the number of photons detected over a time period or frequency), an oscilloscope (displays the varying signal), a resistor, and a high voltage power supply. When a voltage of 133 volts (higher than the break down voltage) is applied, the LED becomes sensitive to light and a single photon hitting the active area (depletion region of p-n junction) can cause formation of carriers (electrons) and these carriers in turn produce secondary carriers. This leads to an avalanche of electrons moving through the diode. Every time a photon hits the depletion region of the LED there will be an avalanche of electrons and this can be seen as a signal in the oscilloscope and as a number in the counter. To vary the amount of light exposure, the diode is placed in a box that completely conceals the diode from the room light, and another LED (light source) in forward biased condition is used as a light source inside the box. The current through the light source inside the box can be changed to control how much light is emitted. I will present my results in a series of investigations that demonstrate how a SPAD functions.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2015/1075/thumbnail.jp

An emerging topic in science today is modular technology. Modular robots provide a wide range of uses in many different areas. Industrial robots assemble the things we use every day, and some mobility robots help navigate and explore rough terrain. Applying the modular aspect on the robot allows for even more flexibility in use. The focus of this project is to design a modular robot based on movement with the purpose to help educate and inform. This robot could be used in future robotics courses as a teaching tool for future engineers in an undergraduate or graduate program. These robots can come in different forms involving several small modules attached together to form a working and moving robot. This type of design requires not only a mechanical flow between modules but also a steady electronic communication that gives modules the information they need in order to move in the correct manner. The system will be measured by the ability to be reprogrammed, it should have its own power supply so movement is not restricted, this power supply must be rechargeable, the modules should be interchanged easily, and be able to move in a variety of ways. Through a design decision matrix it was chosen that the modules casing should be made from 3D printed plastic. Using the 3D printers in the engineering department, several trial casings have been created from team created SolidWorks drawings. This prominent aspect of our design has allowed for low‐cost and fast creation of trial pieces that have greatly aided in revisions toward a working design. As of the beginning of March, the group is working to assemble the first prototype, which will be a single module used to test the two internal motors and wireless capabilities. Once the design is confirmed to work for a single module others will be created and combined together to create different configurations, each of which will need to be programmed for a specific type of movement. The current goal is to have five identical modules, which should allow for the creation of unique configurations

Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) is celebrating its 50th anniversary throughout 2014-2015. When planning started for the year, University Archives proposed an event that would have participants (current and former faculty and staff, alumni, community members) identify missing components (names, places, dates, activities, etc.) for photographs in the archives collection. Very quickly it was determined that from the event preparation a digital collection would emerge, serving as another crowdsourcing access point. This presentation will discuss the preparations for the event and the pitfalls encountered as well as various aspects of the resulting digital collection

Application programming is important and the ability to program and troubleshoot programs, generally in “C” is an essential part of many positions for engineers, technologists, and technicians. Instruction in programming microcontrollers (uC) and Digital Signal Processors (DSP) are needed in a baccalaureate EET/CPET program, but fitting an appropriate mix into a curriculum is difficult when limited to 120 credit hours by state mandate. A solution is to use a progression of courses to cover a variety of uCs and a DSP chip and their associated “C” programming. These courses are not new, but have been gradually upgraded so there is an increasingly more complex sequence of uC’s and modern measurement/control methods. The initial, required 8-bit uC course introduces students to assembly language programming but primarily provides a fundamental ability to write and debug “C” programs used for interfacing. Common input/output devices such as LED’s, multiple 7-segment displays, a keypad, an LCD, and a serial/USB interface are covered and used in the labs. The second course provides an introduction to control systems and uses 8 and 16-bit uCs to interface with transducers. The third course is an elective that uses a 32-bit, ARM, M4 uC to interface with devices including a nocontact temperature sensor, an infrared light sensor, a color graphic LCD, a touch sensor, and an 8x8 LED array. The fourth course uses a 16-bit, fixed-point, DSP board to program functions including filtering of audio input from a student’s cellphone with the resulting output, to earbuds

Understanding and acceptance of AAC are lacking in our communities. IPFW has implemented two programs to increase the awareness of AAC in the Fort Wayne community, in hopes of fostering an attitude of acceptance. AAC World and IPFW AAC Poss-Abilities Theatre Camp are unique programs designed to educate the public, as well as provide hands-on experiences for students enrolled in the Communication Sciences u26 Disorders program at IPFW

OBSERVATION OF THE SEDIMENT GRAIN SIZE DISTRIBUTION CHANGE ALONG A CREEK PROFILE IN INDIANA, USA JOHNSTON, Shelby, Geosciences, Indiana University-Purdue University Ft. Wayne (IPFW), Fort Wayne, IN 46805 and ISIORHO, K. Solomon, Geosciences, Indiana University - Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW), Fort Wayne, IN 46805-1499, johnsk01@students.ipfw.edu As water moves downstream, it carries sediments that become sorted and rounded. The purpose of this research project, which is a requirement for an upper level geology course, is to determine the water content of soil, overall composition of the sediment (gravel, sand, etc.), and grain size changes (if it does change) along a river profile, using a creek that runs through the Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne (IPFW) campus. In the 2014 Fall semester, grain size distribution analysis was performed on fourteen soil samples collected along the length of the creek. Fourteen soil samples were also collected from same sites in the 2015 Spring semester. The data indicates that water content and grain size distribution vary along the creek profile. Certain samples had significantly lower water content than others, that, when examined more closely, revealed a different soil profile containing less silt-clays and higher sand-gravel components. The average water content for all samples in the Fall of 2014 is 21.87% with minimal variation; this is closely mimicked in the Spring 2015 samples with average water content of 25.74% again with minimal variation. Although the samples were taken from the same locations, there are differences in soil composition. The soils range from coarse to fine grained sand, but are generally fine-grained. Knowing the cause(s) of the finning of the sediments downstream in the creek may help in managing the stream and probably other rivers in northern Indiana. This is an ongoing research and new data will be presented

Limestone and shale facies of the Upper Ordovician Grant Lake Formation (Katian: Cincinnatian, Maysvillian) are well exposed in the Cincinnati Arch region of southern Ohio and north-central Kentucky, USA. These rocks record a gradual change in lithofacies and biofacies along a gently northward-sloping ramp. This gradient spans very shallow, olive-gray, platy, laminated dolostones with sparse ostracodes in the south to offshore, nodular, phosphatic, brachiopod-rich limestones and marls in the north. This study uses facies analysis in outcrop to determine paleoenvironmental parameters, particularly those related to water depth (e.g., position of the photic zone and shoreline, relative degree of environmental energy). Within a tightly correlated stratigraphic interval (the Mount Auburn and Straight Creek members of the Grant Lake Formation and the Terrill Member of the Ashlock Formation), we document the occurrence of paleoenvironmental indicators, including desiccation cracks and light-depth indicators, such as red and green algal fossils and oncolites. This permitted recognition of a ramp with an average gradient of 10.20 cm water depth per horizontal kilometer. Thus, shallow subtidal (.lagoonal.) deposits in the upramp portion fall within the 1.5.6 m depth range, cross-bedded grainstones representing shoal-type environments fall within the 6.18 m depth range and subtidal, shell-rich deposits in the downramp portion fall within the 20.30 m depth range. These estimates match interpretations of depth independently derived from faunal and sedimentologic evidence that previously suggested a gentle ramp gradient and contribute to ongoing and future high-resolution paleontologic and stratigraphic studies of the Cincinnati Arch region

Carmen Hamilton is an IPFW junior pursuing a B.A. in History, and certificates in psychological research and international studies. With no prior interest in comic book heroes, Carmen’s research for this paper began as an effort to test the validity of an Episode of Comedy Central’s Drunk History, “Drunk History Atlanta: Stetson Kennedy Infiltrates the KKK.

Frank Quinn of Jaffe-Quinn fame (see [1]) worked out the basics of his own account of how mathematical practice should be described and analyzed, partly by historical comparisons with 19th century mathematics, partly by an analysis of contemporary mathematics and its pedagogy ([2]). Despite his claim that for this task, u22professional philosophers seem as irrelevant as Aristotle is to modern physics,u22 this philosophy talk will provide a critical summary of his main observations and arguments (unpublished except for [3]). The goal is to inject some of Quinns remarks to the current conversation on mathematical practice. [1] Jaffe, Arthur, Quinn, Frank. u22Theoretical Mathematics: Towards a synthesis of mathematics and theoretical physics,u22 Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society NS 29:1 (1993), 113. [2] Quinn, Frank. Contributions to a Science of Mathematics, manuscript (October 2011), 98pp. [3] Quinn, Frank. u22A revolution in mathematics? What really happened a century ago and why it matters today,u22 Notices American Mathematical Society 59:1 (2012) 31-37

Among reptiles, reproduction in the absence of males is often assumed to result from long-term sperm storage. Through the application of molecular genetic tools, biologists are beginning to recognize that facultative parthenogenesis can also explain such reproductive events in snakes. We observed a Copperhead (Agkistrodon contortrix) give birth to a stillborn neonate and four infertile ova after 9 yr in isolation from male snakes. To test the hypothesis that the neonate was produced asexually, we screened a panel of 10 microsatellite loci to genotype the mother and her offspring, as well as wild-caught individuals in the motheru27s population of origin, to assess the probability of paternity. Confirming prior research on Copperheads that suggests parthenogenesis by terminal fusion automixis, we found that four heterozygous maternal loci were homozygous in the neonate. We calculated the probability of a random male from the population as a sire to the neonate to be 2.32 × 10−13 by using the population allele frequencies and the genotype of the neonate. These results further confirm that Copperheads are facultatively parthenogenetic and suggest that this reproductive mode may be general within the species

Varying degrees of nervousness may be found in patients presenting for gynecologic examination. It is the clinicianu27s role to distinguish typical (expected) anxiety from that which is considered excessive. Extreme stress reactions may occur from a variety of reasons including prior sexual assault, post-traumatic stress disorder, and/or intimate partner violence. Approach to care delivery is critical for establishing a trusting relationship. Case study format will be used to discuss stress-reducing techniques during annual examinations

In this work, we briefly report some attempts to control regioisomeric bisadditions on Sc3N@Ih-C80 and Lu3N@Ih-C80 using the tether-controlled multifunctionalization method. We then describe the use of independent (nontethered) bis-1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions and the characterization of 5 new bisadducts, 3 for Sc3N@C80 and 2 for Lu3N@C80, which have never been reported before. Unexpectedly and remarkably, 4 of these compounds exhibit relatively high symmetry and 2 of these bisadducts are the first examples of intrinsically chiral endohedral compounds, due to the addition pattern, not to the presence of chiral centers on the addends. Since an analysis of the statistically possible number of bisadduct isomers on an Ih-C80 cage has not been reported, we present it here

http://opus.ipfw.edu/sls_images2015/1002/thumbnail.jp

The present study describes the development of a multi-linear regression model to predict the effect of building shape on total energy consumption in two different climate regions (i.e. cold-dry and warm-marine). Seven building shapes including H-shape, T-shape, rectangle, etc. were considered in this study. The simplified model can be used to conduct a parametric study in order to investigate the effect of building parameters on total heating and cooling load. Building simulation software programs, including eQUEST and DOE-2 were used to build and simulate individual building configuration that were generated using Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Ten thousand simulations for seven building shapes were performed to create a comprehensive dataset covering the full ranges of design parameters. Statistical analysis was performed using R statistical analysis program to develop a set of linear regression equations predicting energy consumption of each design scenario. In addition, the influence of several design parameters on building energy consumption was further investigated using the sensitivity analysis procedure. The difference between regression-predicted and DOE-2 simulated annual building energy consumption were largely within 5%. It is envisioned that the developed regression models can be used to estimate the total energy consumption in the early stages of the design when different building schemes and design concepts are being considered

In this paper a methodology to identify gaps in course learning outcomes using Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) exam administered by the National Council of Examiners for Engineering and Surveying (NCEES) is presented. The methodology is applied to selected courses in General Engineering, Mechanical Engineering (international university), and Civil Engineering (US University). It has been concluded that the methodology succeeded to identify gaps in course learning outcomes of these courses and corrective actions to topics covered is consequently proposed. The proposed methodology is adequate for programs already developed and is recommended as a continuous improvement and review method for engineering curriculum

The widespread availability of mobile devices has made information available to many on the go, making it a valuable tool in everyday life. Their ability to look up information on the fly and assist with a useru27s information retrieval in a timely fashion make them a natural everyday carry. However, a limitation of these devices is the lack of screen space available to display information, thus presenting a potential problem to this seemingly ideal device. A technique to present a large amount of information, cohesively, is required to make users’ search activities more convenient and effective. We present visualization techniques designed for presenting lengthy text-based documents on mobile devices. The system uses two different visualizations, Overview and Detail. The Overview shows the overall profile of search terms in the document(s). The Detail View presents the requested information, clearly displaying to the user what content is available. By utilizing this two step approach, we can assist usersu27 search activities by making them more effective in their search concerning lengthy text contents. A pilot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of these visual interfaces compared to a traditional text-based interface. For a majority of measured items, the testers showed a higher degree of satisfaction using the visualization, that was developed to address the difficulties in exploring text content on a small screen device. Although a larger scale usability test is expected in the near future, our initial study shows the feasibility of using multi-level visual interfaces as a search-supporting tool to review lengthy text documents on mobile devices

This article reexamines the treatment of gender and feminism in technical, business, and workplace writing studies—areas in which the three of us teach. Surprisingly, the published discourse of our field seems to implicitly minimize the gendered nature of business and technical writing workplaces and classrooms. To understand this apparent lack of focus, we review five technical and business communication academic journals and build on previous quantitative evaluations done by Isabelle Thompson in 1999 and by Isabelle Thompson Elizabeth Overman Smith in 2006. We also review nine popular textbooks using a content analysis method based on Thompson’s work. Finally, we discuss current research in feminist pedagogies vis-à-vis these results and our own experiences in the professional writing classroom