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Rats and mice are commonly used to investigate environmental cue based spatial navigation. As of yet, no studies have compared their self-movement cue processing. Sequential analysis of exploratory behavior revealed that both rodent species use self-movement cues; however, rats appear to be more accurate in distance estimatio

Sea turtles host a diverse array of epibionts, yet it is not well understood what factors influence epibiont community composition. To test whether epibiont communities of sea turtles are influenced by the hosts’ nesting or foraging habitats, we characterized the epibiota of leatherback, olive ridley and green turtles nesting at a single location on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. We also compared the epibiota of these turtles to conspecific populations nesting elsewhere in the East Pacific. If epibiont communities are influenced by nesting habitats, we predicted that sympatrically nesting turtles would have comparable epibiont taxa. Alternatively, if epibiont communities are influenced by foraging habitats, we predicted the diversity of epibiont taxa should reflect the type and diversity of the hosts’ foraging habitats. We identified 18 epibiont taxa from 18 leatherback, 19 olive ridley and six green turtles. Epibiont diversity was low on leatherbacks (four taxa), but higher for olive ridley and green turtles (12 and nine epibiont taxa respectively). The epibiont communities of olive ridley and green turtles were not statistically different, but both were different from leatherbacks. In addition, conspecific sea turtles from other nesting locations hosted more similar epibiont communities than sympatrically nesting, non-conspecifics. We conclude that epibiont diversity of nesting sea turtles is partially linked to the diversity of their foraging habitats. We also conclude that the surface properties of the skin and carapace of these turtles may contribute to the uniqueness of leatherback turtle epibiont communities and the similarities between olive ridley and green turtle epibiont communities

Late Neogene floras of North America are mainly represented by sites located along the east coast Piedmont and the Great Plains. To date, there are only two upper Neogene inland localities in the eastern half of North America, the Pipe Creek Sinkhole (Indiana) and the Gray Fossil Site (Tennessee). At both sites, a lacustrine environment was formed from sinkholes that preserve fossil assemblages including invertebrates, vertebrates, and plant remains. We reviewed the floristic record (micro and macrofossils) of each site to determine the late Neogene composition of the flora, its vertical stratification, and to provide insight into the changes associated with warmer and drier conditions in the eastern deciduous forest. The Pipe Creek Sinkhole flora when compared to extant pollen floras of the eastern US is nested within the Beach-Maple-Basswood forest type of Dyer; however, the Miocene forest is dominated by a pine-hickory or pinehickory-cottonwood association. The Gray Fossil Site flora when compared to extant pollen floras of the eastern US is nested within the Mesophytic Forest and is dominated by an oak-hickory-pine assemblage. The Pipe Creek Flora and the Gray Fossil Site Flora lack the common sub story and understory taxa and are dominated by specific woody taxa and an array of herbaceous taxa that have high light requirements and indicate some disturbance. The lack of vertical forest structure indicates that at both sites, woodland to woodland savanna to prairie-like habitats may have prevailed. The common occurrence of charcoals in the lacustrine sediments indicates that fire was a frequent disturbance factor, which may have suppressed the development of a structured forest with a closed canopy at both localities. This was further exacerbated by the impact of large herbivores. Both fossil floras, despite changes in the vegetation composition and vertical stratification when compared to the extant indigenous deciduous forest, include the major elements from their respective extant mesophytic C3 floristic associations that currently exist at these locations, i.e. the Beech-Maple-Basswood (Pipe Creek Sinkhole) and the Hickory-Oak-Pine Mesophytic Forest (Gray Fossil Site). The Miocene-Pliocene climate, in comparison to the extant climate, affected the vegetation in eastern North America by the selective elimination of those taxa that could not tolerate the warmer and drier conditions; the concomitant increase in fire frequency and the impact of large herbivores further contributed to maintaining woodland/savanna communities at both localities

Sherrie Steiner presented “Setting and Preserving Social Standards in Uncertain Times: F8/F7/F20 Contributions to the G20 Mandate.” She began by talking about the importance of recognizing various types of secularization processes that appropriately and variously separate church and state relations within national contexts where nation states have official legal jurisdiction. The same cannot be said, however, for transnational settings where global social problems must be governed without corresponding global government structures. Any attempt by a nation to address transnational or global social problems is legitimately sanctioned by other nations for engaging in extraterritorial behavior. How then are global social problems to be governed if the international community is to avoid the tragedy of the global commons? How do we facilitate the ability of nation states to collectively accept responsibility for addressing social problems that go beyond their legal jurisdiction without resorting to a Leviathan solution? This is where the contributions of interfaith dialogue to civil society relations with the G-plus systems becomes particularly salient. Nations are not the exclusive bearers of civilized values. Religions bring an important perspective. The remainder of the paper presented a case study of the F8/F7/F20 Initiative, an interfaith network contributing to governance through dialogue with the G8/G7/G20 system. Aspects of the process were detailed from 2005 through 2016. The F8/F7/F20 Initiative was analyzed for its distinctive contributions to international relations

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First Place Thesis Winnerhttp://opus.ipfw.edu/threemt2016/1000/thumbnail.jp

Tied for 2nd Place Thesis Winnerhttp://opus.ipfw.edu/threemt2016/1001/thumbnail.jp

The goal of this study is to determine what makes the Islamic State (ISIS) persuasive from an anthropological linguistic perspective by comparing the prosody (patterns of rhythm and sound) of a well-known ISIS spokesman, Abu Muhammed al-Adnani, and that of a well-known moderate Sunni cleric, Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim. Specifically, pitch, intensity (loudness) and duration of words are compared between the speakers in order to identify prosodic features that may appeal to ISIS supporters vs. moderate Sunni Muslims. ISIS is a terrorist organization that diverges from major forms of Islam (Sunni and Shia) in its jihadist ideologies (among many other variables), while Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim represents a thoroughly distinct ideology as a follower of the most prominent form of Islam, Sunni Islam that preaches against terrorism. Two samples of oratory from each speaker have been studied by extracting prosodic markers, using the linguistic software Praat.. The syllabic and lexically segmented data has then been tested utilizing empirical methods to statistically analyze correlations between prosodic markers of each individual speaker. Results have led to the identification of divergence in prosodic markers between speakers—specifically in duration and intensity. Al-Adnani’s rate of speech is much lower than Sheikh Adnan Ibrahim. Essentially, al-Adnani speaks much slower than Adnan Ibrahim. Further, al-Adnani speaks significantly louder than Adnan Ibrahim according to the derived mean intensity value for each speaker. Finally, results for coefficient of variation of rhythm reveal surprisingly similar values—both speakers are utilizing a similar rhythmic pattern.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1029/thumbnail.jp

Although argument by analogy is studied and featured in many computational models, less appreciated is the ability to reason over analogies (RoA); i.e., not only being able to produce inferences in accordance with arguments by analogy, but having the ability to negate analogies, recognize and learn to avoid bad analogies, compare the relative strengths of analogies, reason about them nonmonotonically, evaluate hypothetical analogies, and so on. To do all of these things, one needs the ability to represent analogies (and not just the products of analogies) in such a way that the analogies themselves can be objects of reasoning processes (including analogy). We take a first step toward the full ability to reason over analogies by presenting a formalization, based on the cognitive event calculus, that treats analogical mappings and hypothetical inferences as objects between which confidence can be propagated. We will argue that computational models of analogy (both descriptive and normative) will need to use such a formalization, and then we show that our formalization provides a new way to evaluate analogical arguments

In this project I analyze and translate from French to English the collection Poèmes de prison, written by Zhor Zerari, an Algerian writer and militant who was imprisoned and tortured under the French government in Algeria during the Algerian War of Independence. My annotated and glossed translation will note and reflect significant poetic conventions, themes, and images. I will also present, interrogate, and analyze the translation process including important cultural, political, and historical aspects of the source language, providing a brief overview of French colonial activity in Algeria and the place of women in the resistance movement. I highlight theoretical, cultural, and linguistic problems in translation and suggest possible solutions. I present this analysis of my process in order to further understand the implications of feminist and “postcolonial” translation theory and practice in women’s writing and demonstrate the importance of these translations to the larger context of contemporary literature and language studies, French colonialization, Algerian Independence and the legacy of French censorship. I hope to expose and address a lack of access to texts like Zerari’s in literature and language study. This project is intended to complicate Western understandings of French colonization in Algeria, women militants and their role in independence efforts, and the translation of francophone poetry.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1002/thumbnail.jp

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We examined how ethnic identity, interethnic conflict, and prejudice are related among African Americans, Asian Americans, and White Americans. As expected, group identity only predicted prejudice expressed by Whites. Also, group identity mediated the relationship between perceived conflict and prejudice for Whites, but not for Asian Americans or African Americans

This study examines the relationships between social networking behaviors (e.g. positive and negative posts about the relationship) and known personality and romantic relationship variables. Results indicated many of these behaviors are negatively associated with relationship satisfaction and commitment. Furthermore, different personality types engage in similar behaviors, but with different motivations

The revised NOHS ethical code will be examined in this session. Approved and instituted in 2015, new features of the code will be presented and a discussion with attendees will be solicited. A comparison of the NOHS ethical code and the HS-BCP ethical code will also be offered

Most paleo-environmental models argue that Earth’s atmosphere underwent a change from mildly reducing and anoxic, to its present oxygen-rich character sometime after the evolutionary advent of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria in the Great Oxidation Event (GOE), the timing of which remains a matter of contention. Presently favored estimates from the geochemical rock record place the GOE between 2.45-2.22 billion years ago (Ga), while fossil or molecular evidence for oxygenation is of a much later and uncertain date (2.1-1.65 Ga). We estimated that the minimal evolutionary age of scytonemin, an indole-alkaloid used by cyanobacteria as an ultraviolet-A (UVA) sunscreen, is approximately 2.3 ± 0.8 Ga through phylogenetic reconstruction of several genes that encode for proteins involved in the biosynthesis of scytonemin, as calibrated against the cyanobacterial fossil record. Since the biologically useful form of scytonemin requires an oxidizing environment, and UVA radiation is only damaging in the presence of free oxygen, the minimal age of the scytonemin biosynthetic operon places a direct constraint on the minimal age of the GOE. Our findings significantly push back in time the biological evidence, providing genomics-derived support for geochemical constraints of the timing of the GOE

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Korey Nowels is currently an IPFW senior majoring in Social Studies Education. As long as he has been able to study those subjects in school, Mr. Nowels has had a profound interest in the study of the humanities and the social sciences. This interest has not only compelled him to learn more about these subjects through his course work, but has also influenced his choice of major. He hopes to instill in his future students an appreciation for history and social science similar to the one he possess, and by doing so, he hopes to impact his community in meaningful way

The solute specificity profiles (transport and binding) for the nucleobase cation symporter 1 (NCS1) proteins, from the closely related C4 grasses Zea mays and Setaria viridis, differ from that of Arabidopsis thaliana and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii NCS1. Solute specificity profiles for NCS1 from Z. mays (ZmNCS1) and S. viridis (SvNCS1) were determined through heterologous complementation studies in NCS1- deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains. The four Viridiplantae NCS1 proteins transport the purines adenine and guanine, but unlike the dicot and algal NCS1, grass NCS1 proteins fail to transport the pyrimidine uracil. Despite the high level of amino acid sequence similarity, ZmNCS1 and SvNCS1 display distinct solute transport and recognition profiles. SvNCS1 transports adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, cytosine, and allantoin and competitively binds xanthine and uric acid. ZmNCS1 transports adenine, guanine, and cytosine and competitively binds, 5-fluorocytosine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and uric acid. The differences in grass NCS1 profiles are due to a limited number of amino acid alterations. These amino acid residues do not correspond to amino acids essential for overall solute and cation binding or solute transport, as previously identified in bacterial and fungal NCS1, but rather may represent residues involved in subtle solute discrimination. The data presented here reveal that within Viridiplantae, NCS1 proteins transport a broad range of nucleobase compounds and that the solute specificity profile varies with species