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IPFW has run an institutional repository on the Digital Commons platform since 2009, but the adoption of a campus wide open access policy in the Spring of 2015 led to a greater sense of awareness of and concern about issues of repository content for many faculty members. The role of our librarians as educators in issues pertaining to open access and scholarly communications has thus become more important than ever. In the summer of 2015, we began to hear concerns from faculty that some articles included in our repository were from open access journals of dubious quality-- some published by what have come be known in the scholarly communications field as u22predatory publishers.u22 These faculty members expressed hesitation about including their own future works in our repository, fearing harm to their professional reputations through u22guilt by association.u22 Some even seemed to equate open access publishing in general with poor quality and/or predatory publishing. In response to these concerns, we began an informational campaign designed to educate faculty as to the nature and purpose of an open access institutional repository, contemporary scholarly communications issues such as the threat of predatory publishers, and methods and criteria for determining publisher quality. Thus far, we have held two presentations for faculty about issues surrounding open access and determining publisher quality, and we have completed an extensive study comparing a snapshot of the contents of our repository against Beallu27s List, an online list of predatory publishers. This study has provided us with hard data showing the extent of the “predatory journal problem” in our institutional repository to be quite minor and confined to only a few specific individuals and departments. It is our hope that the results of this study will help to assuage fears and begin to shape official policy as we continue to educate our faculty, promote our institutional repository, and implement our open access policy

Crowdsourcing is becoming recognized as a powerful tool that organizations can use in order to get work done, this by freelancers and non-employees. We conceptualize crowdsourcing as a subcategory of outsourcing, with compensated crowdsourcing representing situations in which individuals performing the work receive some sort of payment for accomplishing the organization’s tasks. Herein, we discuss how sites that create a crowd, such as Amazon Mechanical Turk, can be powerful tools for business purposes. We highlight the general features of crowdsourcing sites, offering examples drawn from current crowdsourcing sites. We then examine the wide range of tasks that can be accomplished through crowdsourcing sites. Large online worker community websites and forums have been created around such crowdsourcing sites, and we describe the functions they generally play for crowdsourced workers. We also describe how these functions offer opportunities and challenges for organizations. We close by discussing major considerations organizations need to take into account when trying to harness the power of the crowd through compensated crowdsourcing sites

Unusual preservation of small primaspid trilobites may provide a key to interpretation of an enigmatic, apparently organically textured surface or sedimentary structure in the subtidal Upper Ordovician (Katian) Kope Formation of northern Kentucky. A thin, elliptical lens of silty mudstone in the lower Kope Formation (Pioneer Valley submember, Southgate Member, C-1 Sequence) has several unique features mainly present on its basal surface, as a hyporelief, but also to a limited extent on the upper surface. Toward one end, the basal surface has sinuous fluting that terminates at the other end in a complex of conjoined, flattened, ellipsoidal or spatulate lobes that is partly overlain by an outlier of the primary lens. The basal surface has small-scale corrugations (3 to 4 mm wide) and polygonal reticulation variably developed. Articulated exoskeletons of small, spinose primaspid trilobites [Primaspis crosotus (Locke)] occur mostly with their ventral surfaces applied directly to the textured surfaces (i.e., dorsal side down). On some lobes the reticulate texturing wraps around from the basal to the upper surface and is covered with minute rounded pustules (~ 0.3 mm). These enigmatic features are interpreted either as a recumbent microbial mat or an erect three-dimensional organism that was smothered and infilled by influx of silty sediment, preserved ultimately as a mold in hyporelief with trilobites in life position. Evidence for similar organic structures has not been previously reported from the Kope Formation. The taphonomic processes responsible for their preservation carry paleoenvironmental implications for possible microbial or macroalgal biotas within photic depths, and complex mediation of episodic depositional processes by organic biofilms or tissues

Fuel cells are energy storage devices analogous to batteries in which electrochemical energy is directly converted into electrical energy. The main difference between a fuel cell and a battery is that a fuel cell is an open system allowing for chemicals to flow through while a battery is a closed system. As a consequence, a fuel cell can be turned off by simply stopping the flow. Fuel cells are also very energy dense, due to the fact that it is possible to store the chemicals that flow through them in separate tanks. Additionally, fuel cells do not pollute and, in theory, have a high current efficiency, making them an ideal long-lasting, flexible power source. Research in direct borohydride-hydrogen peroxide fuel cells is still in its early stages, but results have been promising and the assembly process of a low-cost stack design needs to be investigated. This paper concentrates on the development of a computational fluid dynamics model for the flow in a fuel cell with ionic potassium borohydride as the fuel and hydrogen peroxide as the oxidizer. Once this model is developed and verified, it is used in conjunction with the system chemistry to determine the maximum number of cells that can be stacked and the corresponding flow rate that allows every cell to produce power without running out of reactant. The solution is dependent on the current per square centimeter produced by test cells. The results of this study show that a test cell producing 0.4 A/cm2 can be scaled up to a stack of 15 cells with a flow rate of 115 ml/min using the analyzed stack design. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of the internal flow through a single cell is conducted to determine possible locations for design improvement to accommodate a large number of high-power stacks (50 or more cells). These results show that the present cell design is adequate for initial stack testing, but not for making large high-powered stacks. Refinements of the fuel cell design will need to be done in the future to allow for more cells to be stacked for higher power outputs. The most important issue to address is reduction of the differential pressure at the inlet and outlet of the cell by eliminating the use of narrow tubing.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1061/thumbnail.jp

My poster seeks to explore the function of the Old English Hexateuch (Cotton Claudius BIV) within the context of Anglo-Saxon culture and what can be learned about this culture through their own understanding and interpretation of the Hexateuch. The focus of my research is on both the formation and the reception of this manuscript, particularly regarding the illustrations that comprise the text (394 in all). The inclusion of these highly contextualized illustrations suggests that this manuscript was intended for the laity that likely would not have had the ability to read. Consequently, the paintings are not perfect representations of the text; rather, they are portrayals of Old Testament stories within Anglo-Saxon culture, in order to enable all interacting with the manuscript to gain a better understanding of the passages being dealt with. Though many of the pictures are incomplete (or missing entirely) they reveal a great deal about the values of Anglo-Saxon culture, especially regarding the ascetic qualities of nature and architecture. My poster seeks to highlight some of these aesthetic values in order to expose greater concerns within the culture. Additionally, in order to gain a sense of how exactly the people would have interacted with the manuscript, my research briefly explores the history of the Benedictine Abbey of Saint Augustine—the origin of the manuscript and the epicenter of cultural creation within Anglo-Saxon culture.http://opus.ipfw.edu/stu_symp2016/1019/thumbnail.jp

This paper examines the gender performance magnified in dating TV shows widespread in post-socialist China. Focusing on the reconstruction of gender identities by participants of Fei Cheng Wu Rao (If You Are the One), representative of the dating show genre, the analysis sheds light on how both female and male participants navigate the quandaries of evolving gender politics—the intertwined fomentations of the derogatory “sheng nü” ( “leftover women”) discourse and the new hegemonic ideals. The paper argues that the returning of patriarchal construction of gender in the post-socialist state is exacerbated the neoliberal commercialization and marketization accentuating the exchange value of love and marriage, and remapping the class codes onto both feminine and masculine bodies

Increased political corruption and cheating in a wide diversity of practices such as sports and academic examinations are becoming two of the most important problems affecting contemporary societies. Political corruption, especially in the developing world, has reached such a colossal scale that many scholars have identified it - and not lack of economic resources per se - as the most important problem confronting the prospects of economic and social development. In the developed world corruption is also growing. In the U.S. and Europe many serving officials have been indicted on numerous counts. Different from corruption but closely related to it, cheating represents another serious challenge. Dishonesty in taking examinations has become common in many parts of the world. Cheating, it is claimed, is anathema to sport, yet the use steroids in competitive sports is too common to be ignored. The scholarly literature agrees in that these forms of deviance occur within the framework of particular sub-cultures that work to normalize such practices. Some forms of corruption are accepted among political circles. Studies on cheating at exams show that many students justify helping friends they are close to. In professional sports many athletes see “fair play” like an expression of amateurism. Normative frameworks have been put in place to curb dishonesty such as the U.N. Convention Against Corruption. Severe punishment now awaits exam cheaters, and new testing techniques are used to detect doping in sports. However, beyond such disciplinary responses lies the need to acquire a deeper understanding of the general cultural forces driving these harmful trends. It is my contention that the work of George Simmel on the Tragedy of Culture, which duels on the massive growth of objective cultural products, and their overwhelming impact over the subjective culture of individuals, can shed light upon the problem at stake

Messages transmitted between a receiver and a transmitter are used to maximize a communication data rate. In particular, a multicarrier modulation system uses messages that are sent from the receiver to the transmitter to exchange one or more sets of optimized communication parameters. The transmitter then stores these communication parameters and when transmitting to that particular receiver, the transmitter utilizes the stored parameters in an effort to maximize the data rate to that receiver. Likewise, when the receiver receives packets from that particular transmitter, the receiver can utilize the stored communication parameters for reception

This chapter examines the current state of the law in the United States on the use of social media data in the employee selection process. We begin by reviewing existing legal protections that could be violated when organizations use social media data, and we discuss recent case law involving social media and selection. We highlight various federal laws that have been used by the courts in social media selection cases, and we examine state laws that ban employers from asking applicants to provide social media user names and passwords as a condition of employment. We then review three examples of laws in other countries that could impact the use of social media data in selection both practically and legally. We conclude by suggesting practical guidelines for employers in their use of social media data in selection

The reduction in the integral action between cast-in-situ slab and precast prestressed concrete girders in composite concrete bridges can be attributed to the increase in truck loads; increase in the allowable stress at service loads; exposure to aggressive environments; and the increase in traffic flow. It is a necessity to restore this integral action by strengthening against horizontal shear. In this paper, a finite element analysis (FEA) was performed considering 32 push off specimens using ANSYS software package to evaluate the behavior of shear-keys of composite concrete bridges. The studied parameters include: the concrete compressive strength, spacing of the shear stirrups, the carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) sheet spacing, and CFRP plate spacing, fiber angle, and anchorage length. The FEA results show that the reduced crack opening and slip in the strengthened shear-keys compared with the control specimen reflect the efficiency of the CFRP strengthening scheme. Moreover, the FEA results indicate that the CFRP composites anchorage length and angle had a notable impact on the longitudinal shear force and corresponding slip, failure mode, stiffness, and toughness. Finally, an empirical model was proposed for predicting the bond-slip behavior of shear-keys based on reliable experimental results available in literature

The ability to navigate depends on neural systems involved in tracking an animal’s moment-to-moment changes in directional orientation and spatial location when moving from place to another. Previous studies have shown that the anterodorsal thalamus (AD) contains a large population of head direction cells, which fire as a function of an animal’s directional orientation in an environment, thereby providing a neuron-like compass guiding navigation. Recent work has demonstrated that when the AD is damaged animals display poor performance on spatial reference/working memory tasks. However, while studies have confirmed that AD lesions impair the acquisition of new spatial information, few have attempted to dissociate the unique contributions of the AD to the acquisition vs. retrieval of allocentric spatial information. Here, we trained rats in a radial arm maze (RAM) procedure that requires the acquisition of directional trajectories to obtain a reward. Animals were trained to asymptotic levels (mean = 67.9% correct + 3.2% SEM; chance performance = 25%). Twenty-four hours after training, animals were administered muscimol inactivation of the AD before a 4 trial probe test. Specific measures across training and probe testing included: latency to complete the task, amount of errors (working and reference memory), and percent of correct arm choices per trial. We found that when the AD was inactivated, RAM latency and reference memory were significantly higher, and the percent correct was significantly lower than control animals. In addition, a large number of working memory and perseverative errors were observed in AD inactivated animals throughout testing, suggesting a general absence of improved navigation across training trials. In contrast to retrieval and working memory deficits, it was observed that inactivated animals could express a non-spatial “cued” behavior, indicating that the impairments were specific to spatial processing. Taken together, the results above suggest that the AD modulates the retrieval of previously acquired allocentric spatial information in a RAM procedure, but also suggests a critical role in the online guidance of accurate spatial behavior. The results are discussed in relation to the anterodorsal thalamo-cortical circuits involved in spatial information processing

In this study, we examined online deception across four different online venues (i.e., social media, online dating, anonymous chat rooms, and sexual websites) in a sample of 272 U.S. adults (average age = 32.22 years) recruited through Amazonu27s MTurk. Few of the participants (16%–32%) reported that they were or would be always honest across these sites, and even fewer (0–2%) suspected that others were always honest in these different online venues. In terms of types of lie, most (55–90%) believed that others were at least sometimes lying about their age, gender, activities, interests, and appearance across the four online venues. Ninety percent expected others to lie at least sometimes about their appearance (most expected lie type) and 55% expected others to lie at least sometimes about their gender (least expected lie type). However, although they expected people to lie more about their gender on sites with more anonymity and invisibility (like anonymous chat rooms and sexual websites), they expected equal rates of lies about appearance across all four websites, even on sites where users provide pictures and have shared acquaintances. Moreover, perceptions of others’ lying behavior on the venue were more significant predictors of own lying behavior than any of the personal characteristics we measured (i.e., Machiavellianism, psychopathy, extraversion, or internet addiction). The importance of mutuality was further reinforced by qualitative comments that showed that, in addition to lying to look more attractive or for privacy or protection concerns, some people lie “because everyone lies on the internet.

Spectrum monitoring is important for efficient spectrum sharing and resource management in cloud-based radio access networks (C-RAN). In this paper we show how data obtained from long-termspectrum monitoring together with machine learning (ML) operating on big data (BD) can be used in a C-RAN scenario for spectrum management purposes. We propose an approach for spectrumoccupancy forecasting which can be used to reduce the delay in making dynamic spectrum allocation decisions and improve the cognitive and management functionalities of cloud-based architectures such as C-RAN. The spectrum occupancy and usage activity in a predefined frequency band is based on the statistical processing of a large amount of collected data and the introduction of a frequency–time resources indicator as a measure of spectrum usage. Furthermore, we apply ML algorithms to predict spectrum usage and compare the predicted with actual measured data. Taking into consideration that the accuracy of the prediction depends on the volume of collected data and the time of prediction on the BD and ML approach, we propose the development of a cloud-based generic processing architecture to solve the “accuracy versus latency” trade-off problem. The proposed architecture is appropriate for deployment in cognitive C-RAN

Human-level AI involves the ability to reason about the beliefs of other agents, even when those other agents have reasoning styles that may be very different than the AI’s. The ability to carry out reasonable inferences in such situations, as well as in situations where an agent must reason about the beliefs of another agent’s beliefs about yet another agent, is under-studied. We show how such reasoning can be carried out in a new variant of the cognitive event calculus we call CECac, by introducing several new powerful features for automated reasoning: First, the implementation of classical logic at the “system-level” and nonclassical logics at the “belief-level”; Second, CECac treats all inferences made by agents as actions. This opens the door for two more additional features: epistemic boxes, which are a sort of frame in which the reasoning of an individual agent can be simulated, and evaluated codelets, which allow our reasoner to carry out operations beyond the limits of many current systems. We explain how these features are achieved and implemented in the MATR reasoning system, and discuss their consequences

Due to low energy demands and infrequent feeding, little is known about potential fitness trade-offs for temperate pitvipers which must balance remaining stationary to acquire and digest food while traversing large areas to procure mating opportunities. We radio-tracked 16 male easterm massasauga rattlesnakes Sistrurus catenatus from May to August 2014 in northern Michigan, half of which were fed a supplement diet of mice. We compared body condition, space and habitat use as well as thermoregulatory behavior between the two treatments. Fed snakes had higher post-reproductive body condition scores than naturally foraging controls by the end of the study. Microhabitat selection and movement patterns of fed snakes did not differ from controls during the breeding period. Controls had higher diurnal body temperatures than fed snakes, but neither group differed in their accuracy or effectiveness of thermoregulation. Our results suggest the behavioral demands of finding mates exerts substantial pressure on males, causing them to largely forgo stationary digestion in exchange for increasing the prospect of reproducing. Given the infrequent reproductive rates of female massasaugas in northern latitudes, intense mate searching by males may be a fixed behavior in these populations, regardless of food intake

The interactions among service providers are represented as a social network to support service-oriented collaborations across multiple manufacturing enterprises. The combination of service-oriented computing and social network facilitates the connection and collaboration within enterprises. It is essential to identify a group of prosperous collaborative partners in a social network in a prompt and efficient way, especially when the number of alternative service providers is large. However, traditional exhaustive searching approaches are inapplicable in identifying a host enterprise and constitutive members due to the prohibitive computations. In this paper, a new and efficient approach has been proposed to identify service providers optimally based on existing social relations. Three innovations inthe proposal are (i) a set of new concepts has been defined to construct a social service provider network; (ii) based on remodeling the social graph, the betweenness centrality algorithm has been enhanced to efficiently find the leader who serves as the host enterprise of a given engineering project; (iii) to improve the efficiency of computation, an innovative algorithm is proposed to identify the collaborative partners by confining the searching space in the set of connector nodes. For the validation purpose, the experimental simulation is conducted and the results have demonstrated that the proposed algorithms outperform several existing algorithms in terms of computation time in dealing with the increasing number of enterprises

Drawing motivation from models of tumor-induced capillary growth, we initiated the study of diffusion models with boundary flux governed by memory around 5 years ago. Considering instances of power laws where supersolution comparison methods are not generally applicable, it turns out to be possible to estimate $L^p$ norms of the solution for any large value of $p$. Although constants in the estimates do not permit passage to the limit for obtaining an $L^infty$ estimate, one may instead apply an integral form of the maximum principle that has frequently been applied in the case of porous medium equations. We provide an adaptation of the method to also apply equally well in so-called fast diffusion cases. Combined with results on blow-up in finite time, this allows a complete analysis of global solvability for such memory flux models which exactly parallels known results for corresponding localized nonlinear flux models

http://opus.ipfw.edu/sasi_images2015/1001/thumbnail.jp

Brittney Kattau was born and raised in Marion, Indiana, but currently resides in Huntington. She has been a hair stylist for six years and spends her summers as a wine steward at TwoEE’s Winery in Roanoke. She is a Social Studies Education major and is currently completing my student teaching at South Side High School. She was the recipient of the Ron Venderly Education Scholarship for 2015-2016, and will be graduating in May Summa Cum Laude. In her free time, she enjoys reading, writing, playing with her dogs, and discussing politics

Following exposure to long-wavelength ultraviolet radiation (UVA), some cyanobacteria produce the indole-alkaloid sunscreen scytonemin. The genomic region associated with scytonemin biosynthesis in the cyanobacterium Nostoc punctiforme includes 18 co-transcribed genes. A two-component regulatory system (Npun_F1277/Npun_F1278) directly upstream from the biosynthetic genes was identified through comparative genomics and is likely involved in scytonemin regulation. In this study, the response regulator Npun_F1278 was evaluated for its ability to regulate scytonemin biosynthesis using a mutant strain of N. punctiforme deficient in this gene, hereafter strain D1278. Following UVA radiation, the typical stimulus to initiate scytonemin biosynthesis, D1278 was incapable of producing scytonemin. A phenotypic characterization of D1278 suggests that aside from the ability to produce scytonemin, the deletion of the Npun_F1278 gene does not affect the cellular morphology, cellular differentiation capability, or lipid-soluble pigment complement of D1278 compared to the wild type. The mutant, however, had a slower specific growth rate under white light and produced ~2.5-fold more phycocyanin per cell under UVA than the wild type. Since D1278 does not produce scytonemin, this study demonstrates that the response regulator gene Npun_F1278 is essential for scytonemin biosynthesis in N. punctiforme. While most of the evaluated effects of this gene appear to be specific for scytonemin, this regulator may also influence the overall health of the cell and phycobiliprotein synthesis, directly or indirectly. This is the first study to identify a regulatory gene involved in the biosynthesis of the sunscreen scytonemin and posits a link between cell growth, pigment synthesis, and sunscreen production

As part of an evolution-function analysis, two nucleobase cation symporter 1 (NCS1) from the moss Physcomitrella patens (PpNCS1A and PpNCS1B) are examined – the first such analysis of nucleobase transporters from early land plants. The solute specificity profiles for the moss NCS1 were determined through heterologous expression, growth and radiolabeled uptake experiments in NCS1-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both PpNCS1A and 1B, share the same profiles as high affinity transporters of adenine and transport uracil, guanine, 8-azaguanine, 8-azaadenine, cytosine, 5-fluorocytosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Despite sharing the same solute specificity profile, PpNCS1A and PpNCS1B move nucleobase compounds with different efficiencies. The broad nucleobase transport profile of PpNCS1A and 1B differs from the recently-characterized Viridiplantae NCS1 in breadth, revealing a flexibility in solute interactions with NCS1 across plant evolution